The price we pay for a free web
August 24th, 2014 by Roger Darlington
“The business model of the internet is surveillance. We build systems that spy on people in exchange for services. Corporations call it marketing.”
This is a quote from security guru Bruce Schneider in a column by John Naughton in today’s “Observer” newspaper. It is the explanation of how web services can be ‘free’ and the price we pay in terms of loss of privacy. How worried should we be? A dystopian view of where we might be heading is envisioned in the novel “The Circle” by Dave Eggers which I have reviewed here.
Naughton’s column includes a ‘confession’ from Ethan Zuckerman for the creation of what he calls “the internet’s original sin”, that is targeted advertising which Zuckerman introduced via the pop-up ad on his Tripod-hosted web sites. This took me back: in 1999, I started my web site on Tripod and suffered those pop-up ads before soon migrating the site to a paid-for hosting service so that my readers did not have to see any ads.
That’s the model I continue to use 15 years on, even though I’m constantly urged to take advertising.
Posted in Internet | Comments (1)
Some black and white facts about the American town of Ferguson
August 23rd, 2014 by Roger Darlington
Most people had never heard of the town of Ferguson in Missouri, USA until the the police killing of black youngster Michael Brown and the resultant rioting by the local African-American community.
Ferguson is a town which has gone from 75% white to 67% black over the past 25 years. Yet, although two-thirds of residents are African-American:
- All but one of the members of the city council are white.
- All but three members of the local police force are white.
- The mayor is a white Republican.
How can this be? Only 12% of registered voters in the town cast a ballot in the municipal elections last year and whites were three times more likely to vote than black people. In 2011, an even lower turnout elected the white Republican mayor.
Throughput the democratic world, the poor and the disadvantaged are less inclined to vote than the wealthier and more privileged. As a result, the inequalities and injustices simply multiply. We have to use the power of the vote.
Posted in American current affairs | Comments (0)
What is the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)?
August 22nd, 2014 by Roger Darlington
“The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a comprehensive free trade and investment treaty currently being negoti- ated – in secret – between the European Union and the USA. The inten- tion to launch TTIP negotiations was first announced by President Barack Obama in his State of the Union address in February 2013, and the first round of negotiations took place between European Commission and US officials in July of the same year. The aim is to rush through the talks as swiftly as possible with no details entering the public domain, in the hope that they can be concluded before the peoples of Europe and the USA find out the true scale of the TTIP threat.
As officials from both sides acknowledge, the primary aim of TTIP is not to stimulate trade through removing tariffs between the EU and USA, as these are already at minimal levels. The main goal of TTIP is, by their own admission, to remove regulatory ‘barriers’ which restrict the poten- tial profits to be made by transnational corporations on both sides of the Atlantic. Yet these ‘barriers’ are in reality some of our most prized social standards and environmental regulations, such as labour rights, food safety rules (including restrictions on GMOs), regulations on the use of toxic chemicals, digital privacy laws and even new banking safeguards introduced to prevent a repeat of the 2008 financial crisis. The stakes, in other words, could not be higher.
In addition to this deregulation agenda, TTIP also seeks to create new markets by opening up public services and government procurement contracts to competition from transnational corporations, threaten- ing to introduce a further wave of privatizations in key sectors, such as health and education. Most worrying of all, TTIP seeks to grant foreign in- vestors a new right to sue sovereign governments in front of ad hoc arbi- tration tribunals for loss of profits resulting from public policy decisions. This ‘investor-State dispute settlement’ mechanism effectively elevates transnational capital to a status equivalent to the nation-state itself, and threatens to undermine the most basic principles of democracy in the EU and USA alike.
TTIP is therefore correctly understood not as a negotiation between two competing trading partners, but as an attempt by transnational corpora- tions to prise open and deregulate markets on both sides of the Atlantic. There is a growing body of concern among EU and US citizens at the threats posed by TTIP, and civil society groups are now joining forces with academics, parliamentarians and others to prevent pro-business govern- ment officials from signing away the key social and environmental stand- ards listed above. All people are encouraged to join this resistance by getting in touch with their local campaigns – or starting their own.”
This is the Executive Summary of a short booklet written by John Hilary, the Executive Director of War on Want. You can read the full text here.
Posted in World current affairs | Comments (0)
A review of “Guardians Of The Galaxy”
August 22nd, 2014 by Roger Darlington
The pitch for this movie to the studio heads must have sounded weird (“… and then there’s a tree that hardly talks and a wise-cracking racoon”) – but it works. You can read my review here.
Posted in Cultural issues | Comments (0)
Is the United States really a democratic nation?
August 21st, 2014 by Roger Darlington
I missed this at the time, but I have just come across an academic study published in April 2014. It is written by two academics from Princeton University and Northwestern University and looks at who most influences the making of policy in the American political system.
You can access the full study here. It’s a long paper in very academic language, but the conclusion is clear:
“When the preferences of economic elites and the stands of organized interest groups are controlled for, the preferences of the average American appear to have only a minuscule, near-zero, statistically non-significant impact upon public policy.
…
What do our findings say about democracy in America? They certainly constitute troubling news for advocates of “populistic” democracy, who want governments to respond primarily or exclusively to the policy preferences of their citizens. In the United States, our findings indicate, the majority does not rule — at least not in the causal sense of actually determining policy outcomes. When a majority of citizens disagrees with economic elites and/or with organized interests, they generally lose. Moreover, because of the strong status quo bias built into the U.S. political system, even when fairly large majorities of Americans favor policy change, they generally do not get it.
…
Despite the seemingly strong empirical support in previous studies for theories of majoritarian democracy, our analyses suggest that majorities of the American public actually have little influence over the policies our government adopts. Americans do enjoy many features central to democratic governance, such as regular elections, freedom of speech and association, and a widespread (if still contested) franchise. But we believe that if policymaking is dominated by powerful business organizations and a small number of affluent Americans, then America’s claims to being a democratic society are seriously threatened.”
If you are interested in how the American political system works, you can read my short guide here.
Posted in American current affairs | Comments (3)
Watch Stella Creasy MP trounce Austin Mitchell MP in a debate on the “feminisation of politics”
August 20th, 2014 by Roger Darlington
As I explained in this posting, when Austin Mitchell was first selected as a Parliamentary candidate for the Labour Party in 1977, I was the runner-up at the selection conference. I immediately forgave him: he was a local television personality who was more likely to win the forthcoming tough bye-election than me – and he did. In the course of the next 37 years, he has been an MP of idiosyncratic views and never became a minister.
As I explained in this posting, I first came across Stella Creasy, Labour MP got Walthamstow, three and a half years ago and i was so impressed that I immediately called her “a possible future party leader”. Since then, she has become a more and more important political figure, not least as a fierce campaigner against the practices of pay day loan companies and an articulate advocate of the cause of feminism.
BBC television’s “Newsnight” programme had Austin Mitchell on last night to defend his bizarre “Mail on Sunday” article, in which he attacked the Labour party’s “obsession” with all-women shortlists. Stella Creasy took him to task for his views. For some reason, the clip seems to have been removed from YouTube by “Newsnight” but, thanks to the “New Statesman”, you can watch it here – enjoy.
Posted in British current affairs | Comments (0)
10 theories on how uptalk originated
August 19th, 2014 by Roger Darlington
Uptalk – otherwise known as ‘queclarative’ – is the habit of making statements sound like questions. I find it profoundly irritating.
The BBC has offered 10 theories for the origin of uptalk. I blame No. 4.
Posted in Cultural issues | Comments (0)
Why the Internet giants need to do more to support public services
August 18th, 2014 by Roger Darlington
“There is nobody in this country who got rich on his own. Nobody. You built a factory out there? Good for you. But I want to be clear: you moved your goods to market on the roads the rest of us paid for. You hired workers the rest of us paid to educate. You were safe in your factory because of police forces and fire forces the rest of us paid for. You didn’t have to worry that marauding bands would come and seize everything at your factory… Now look, you built the factory and it turned into something terrific, or a great idea? God bless. Keep a big hunk of it. But part of the underlying social contract is you take a hunk of that and pay forward for the next kid who comes along.”
This is a quote from US Senator Elizabeth Warren, which is part of a good column by John Naughton in the weekend’s “Observer” newspaper. As he puts it:
“What I do have a problem with … is that these neoliberal free riders on public resources seem to feel no obligation to give anything back. For not only do they go to fantastic lengths to avoid paying tax, but they also feel little obligation to contribute to the upkeep of the public-domain code that enables them to function.”
Posted in Internet | Comments (0)
How many tenses are there in English?
August 17th, 2014 by Roger Darlington
As a native English speaker, I had no idea how many tenses there are in my language because I am just so familiar with it. So I was surprised this week when a colleague of mine, who is trained as a teacher of English as a foreign language, told me that there are 13 tenses. Surprised? You can see what they are here.
13 tenses seems like a lot to me. But, so far as I can work out, French and Spanish have 17 tenses. In contrast, German seems to manage with only four (there are two past tenses). And then there is Mandarin Chinese which has no tenses (if only it was not tonal and used the Roman alphabet).
How many tenses are there in your language or the language you are learning?
Posted in Cultural issues | Comments (0)
What are the most popular names for new babies in Britain?
August 16th, 2014 by Roger Darlington
According to the data compiled annually by the Office of National Statistics (ONS), the most popular names for children born in England & Wales during 2013 – published this week – were as follows:
| Position | Boys | Girls |
| 1 | Oliver | Amelia |
| 2 | Jack | Olivia |
| 3 | Harry | Emily |
| 4 | Jacob | Ava |
| 5 | Charlie | Isla |
| 6 | Thomas | Jessica |
| 7 | Oscar | Poppy |
| 8 | William | Isabella |
| 9 | James | Sophie |
| 10 | George | Mia |
| 11 | Alfie | Ruby |
| 12 | Joshua | Lily |
| 13 | Noah | Grace |
| 14 | Ethan | Evie |
| 15 | Muhammed | Sophia |
| 16 | Archie | Ella |
| 17 | Leo | Scarlett |
| 18 | Henry | Chloe |
| 19 | Joseph | Isabelle |
| 20 | Samuel | Freya |
There are some patterns here.
First of all, astonishingly the most popular boys’ name and the second most popular girls’ name are essentially the same (Oliver and Olivia) – what is technically known as cognates – and these names have been in the top two for their gender for the last five years. Is this the case in any other nation? Second, it is striking how traditional most of the names are for both boys and girls, although for the boys it is interesting that the familiar form of names rather than the original version is often preferred – Jack instead of John, Harry instead of Harold, Charlie instead of Charles, Alfie instead of Alfred, Archie instead of Archibold. Third, in the case of boys, five of the top 20 names begin with the letter ‘J’ while, in the case of girls, 10 of the top 20 names end with the letter ‘a’, seven of the top 20 names end with the sound ‘ee’, and ten of the top 20 names contain the letter ‘l’ (in three cases, twice).
On the other hand, the name John, which is the most common male name in the Britain, is at a mere 107th place in the 2013 listings, while David – which is the second most common name in Britain – slipped out of the top 50 of names chosen for baby boys born in 2004 and has only just come back (it is currently 50th). Similarly Margaret – the most common female name in the population as a whole – does not even appear in the top 100 names chosen for girls these days, while Susan – the second most common name in Britain – is not even in the top 100.
These observations underline how much fashion shapes the popularity of different names. Fashion is a stronger influence with girls’ names than those of boys. So, for example, in the last 10 years (2003-2013) Ivy is up 733 places to number 66, Lexi is up 729 places to 42, Bella is up 563 places to 56, Sienna is up 405 places to 22, and Elsie is up 361 places to 47.
It should be noted that the Office of National Statistics (ONS) produces its ranking of the popularity of names using the exact spelling of the name given at birth registration. If one combines the numbers for names with very similar spellings, a very different picture is revealed. For boys, combining the occurrence of Mohammed, Muhammad, Mohammad & Muhammed plus eight other spellings of the names would put it in first place – a reflection of the changing ethnicity of the British population. Similarly, if one combines the occurrence of Isabella, Isabelle, Isabel and Isobel, one would find the name top of the girls’ list and, if one took Lily and Lilly together, the name would come three.
You can find the top 100 boys and girls names in 2012 click here.
You can find my comprehensive guide to naming practices around the world here.
Posted in British current affairs, Cultural issues | Comments (2)